AP Human Geography (APHG) Exam 1 Practice Test

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• Indo-European is a major language family. Name another major language family.
• The range in Central Place Theory refers to what concept?
• In the contemporary pattern of migration to cities in more developed countries, migrants are more likely to settle in?
• Describe agglomeration economies and give an example.
• What are the two main determinants in the gravity model of spatial interaction?
• Which statement best explains why Malthus' population pressures did not produce widespread famine in 19th-century Europe?
• The blending of cultures due to interaction is called what?
• Which term describes the spread of cultural traits from one region to other regions?
• Explain comparative advantage and its impact on industrial location decisions.
• Which classification matches the given levels of development? More developed: France; industrializing: India; less developed: Tanzania.
• What is the scale of analysis for the maps described as continental and country?
• In Central Place Theory, which statement correctly defines threshold and range, and what is a simple example?
• Which statement about subsistence agriculture is true?
• Which activity is a typical GIS application?
• To reduce risk, what policy should a country pursue if it currently exports mainly one commodity?
• Which statement describes the characteristics of cities in a postindustrial economy?
• What boundary is defined by a treaty or legal document but not physically marked on the ground?
• What is religious pluralism and how does it shape geographic cultures?
• Which stage is characterized by death rates falling due to improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care?
• Which of the following statements best defines a megacity?
• In human geography, how does place differ from space?
• What is the term for the maximum population an environment can sustain indefinitely given resources and technology?
• Which term best describes the spatial effects of the Internet on the global diffusion of culture?
• The diffusion of an agricultural practice from a core region outward is an example of which diffusion?
• What term describes an official language designated by a government?
• What is the rate of births per 1,000 people per year called?
• Which term describes a city that dominates global networks of finance, politics, and culture?
• Which description best distinguishes a formal region from a functional region, and which example matches each?
• The model that explains urban land use in concentric rings around the central business district is known as what?
• Which of the following is a likely outcome of gerrymandering?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between high threshold and large range?
• UNCLOS addresses which aspects of the oceans and seas?
• Which diffusion describes the spread of features from person to person through contact and proximity?
• Which urban model is associated with urban land use in concentric rings around the CBD?
• Which sector includes high-level services such as finance, information technology, education, and health care?
• How do climate and topography influence historical settlement patterns? Choose the best description and example.
• Debt-for-nature swaps are significant because they?
• Which region is characterized by high population density along coastal areas?
• Which example best illustrates a centrifugal force?
• In Rimland theory, which geographic zone is considered pivotal for global power?
• If a service has a large geographic range, what does this imply about consumer behavior?
• Which diffusion type describes the spread of an idea from larger to smaller places in a hierarchical sequence?
• What describes creolization?
• A service with a high threshold implies what about its viable market?
• A population pyramid with a narrow base indicates which of the following about birth rates and age structure?
• Which of the following best describes the role of the federal state in a country's political organization?
• Plantation agriculture is typical in what climate and often produces crops for export such as sugar or coffee?
• What is the Cultural Landscape approach and who is associated with it?
• Which of the following describes a service likely to have a low threshold and small range?
• Which statement best describes the concept of a cultural landscape in geography?
• The Latin American city model is associated with which researcher?
• Time-space convergence can be used to explain?
• The practice of growing crops for sale rather than for direct consumption by the farmer is called what?
• Which geospatial technology uses satellites to collect data about Earth's surface?
• What practice involves redrawing electoral boundaries to favor a political party?
• Which farming practice involves growing the same crop repeatedly on the same land year after year?
• Which statement best captures the difference between Burgess concentric zone model and Hoyt sector model?
• Which statement about threshold and service viability best describes the impact of a high threshold?
• Which map projection attempts to balance distortions across properties such as shape and area?
• Explain the concept of supply chain geography and list two factors that influence location decisions for manufacturing.
• Which is an example of a natural boundary?
• A service with a small threshold is likely to have what kind of market area and why?
• In central place theory, what term represents the maximum distance a consumer will travel to obtain a good or service?
• Why would Bosnia and Herzegovina seek to join the European Union?
• Which term describes a sector including raw material extraction and agriculture?
• Which factor best explains vulnerability when a country relies heavily on a single agricultural commodity?
• Which urban model describes growth in sectors or wedges radiating from the center?
• Under the rank-size rule, what is typically true about city sizes?
• Which statement best distinguishes threshold from range?
• Rostow's stages of economic growth: In which stage does take-off into sustained growth occur?
• Which form of agriculture would best be described as extensive farming?
• What term describes the decrease in interaction between two locations as distance increases?
• How does deindustrialization affect urban geography and regional inequalities?
• In world-systems theory, which description best characterizes core and periphery with a semi-periphery in between?
• What describes carrying capacity and its relevance to population geography?
• What scenario describes a demographic dividend in an economy?
• Which framework divides the world into core, semi-periphery, and periphery regions?
• Which language family is primarily spoken in East Asia and the Himalayas?
• The blending of Buddhist traditions with local customs that produces distinct practices such as Daoism in China and Shinto in Japan is called?
• What does gerrymandering entail, and what are its geographic consequences?
• What is the likely impact of the numerical change by 2050 of the total population on the eventual shape of Japan's population pyramid?
• What is the fundamental difference between a census and a sample survey?
• A geographic model highlighting historical urban influence is most applicable to which cities?
• As a less developed country's economy evolves toward more developed status, which sector typically sees the greatest increase in job opportunities when moving from the periphery to the semiperiphery?
• Urban primacy describes the concentration of a country's urban population in a single city. True or false?
• In the von Thünen model, which factor is least likely to shift land-use rings away from a market?
• Christianity has expanded through repeated patterns of relocation diffusion to spread to the Americas. Which of the following explains the impacts of this diffusion on Christianity in the Americas?
• What term describes the spread of language or culture from a region to other regions?
• Which statement best describes a primate city?
• What term describes a city that exerts a high level of influence in finance, politics, media, and culture on a global scale?
• Which of the following best describes an environmental trade-off of solar energy projects when installed at scale?
• What term best describes the political entity of the Republic of Ireland?
• Which statement best explains the strength of the theoretical model in human geography?
• What is a major critique of Heartland and Rimland theories in contemporary geopolitics?
• What does sustainability mean in AP Human Geography, and what are its three pillars?
• Define net migration and give examples of net in-migration and net out-migration.
• Debt-for-nature swaps involve forgiving a portion of a developing country's foreign debt in exchange for what?
• Explain what a 'food desert' is and why it matters in understanding spatial inequality.
• Based on the data, which term describes the median household income distribution among the five boroughs?
• Define urbanization and urban growth, and indicate how they differ.
• Name one major agricultural hearth referenced in early globalization (e.g., Mesopotamia).
• Which statement about the Aegean Sea's political geography is true?
• What is the term for the distribution of language across space?
• What is cultural syncretism, and what is a classic example?
• Which factor contributes to higher automobile use and urban sprawl in some North American cities?
• Which explanation best describes the Ivory Coast's international trade economy in 2017?
• Which migration type describes movement from one continent to another?
• Which term describes the observable practices such as cuisine and building styles?
• In sub-Saharan Africa's rural agricultural economies, which best describes the roles of women?
• Which urban model emphasizes growth along transportation corridors in wedge-shaped sectors?
• Which of the following best explains a possible limitation of the trends assumed from the population pyramid and estimates in the data table?
• What is time-space convergence, and what is a typical everyday example?
• In central place theory, what is the range of a service?
• The global pattern of gender inequality index scores generally follows development level, but which countries stand out as exceptions?
• A remote sensing image is commonly used to examine what aspect of urban landscapes?
• What is a key sustainability limit of solar panel farms when supplying electricity to a city in a developed country?
• What is a break-of-bulk point?
• Which diffusion pattern starts from major urban centers and spreads to progressively smaller places?
• Define bulk-gaining and bulk-reducing industries and explain break-of-bulk points.
• Linguistic geography studies what?
• Which term describes the era when humans began domesticating plants and animals and settled into farming communities?
• A population pyramid with a wide base indicates what about birth rates and age structure?
• Which region is identified as the cultural hearth for Hinduism and Buddhism?
• Which of the following is a valid example of hierarchical diffusion?
• The combination of temples and surrounding landscape becoming centers of pilgrimage and tourism illustrates which geographic process?
• Which boundary type follows cultural lines, often resulting in separation of ethnic groups?
• Expanding territorial seas to 12 nautical miles generally reduces a neighboring state's access to what within the belt of water off a coast?
• What term describes the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape?
• HDI stands for, a composite index used to measure development?
• Which factor most directly increases the working-age share of a population when birth rates are low?
• Which statement best describes a federal political system?
• As health, education, and urbanization improve, which demographic transition stage typically shows falling birth rates?
• Which region is typically described as a periphery region in world-systems theory?
• Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care cause death rates to fall in stage?
• In the diffusion of innovations, who are early adopters?
• Which map projection preserves shape but distorts area near the poles?
• Which language family includes Romance languages?
• In a population dynamics diagram that includes birth rate, death rate, and total population, these lines indicate a country's
• What type of boundary is described as a straight line or geometric boundary with little regard to cultural differences?
• Identify the three major types of migration streams and provide an example for each.
• Which of the following are major geospatial tools?
• During Stage 3 birth rates decline in the Demographic Transition Model, what happens to birth rates?
• What does comparative advantage lead to in terms of industrial location?
• Which statement best describes the difference in urban transportation issues across different parts of the world?
• Which term describes the process of global integration of economies through trade and investment?
• Which scenario best describes when devolution is most likely to increase?
• Which statement best defines population density?
• Which of the following best describes the effect of comparing data between geographic scales?
• In Central Place Theory, threshold refers to which concept?
• What is one effect of language diffusion on cultural landscapes and place names?
• What is the term for the spread of cultural traits between areas?
• Which urban theory explains the distribution of services and hinterlands using hexagonal market areas around settlements?
• Which combination of terrain and climate most likely deters early settlement?
• What term describes the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas?
• In geographic terms, what does 'situation' refer to?
• Which of the following is an example of a formal region?
• Creolization is most closely associated with which regions?
• Which of the following best describes the data presented in the image?
• A limitation of a map showing Hispanic population percentage is that?
• The term for a group sharing a common cultural heritage and identity within a region is what?
• Which of the following best describes the diffusion pattern of Buddhism compared to Hinduism?
• Which is a key characteristic of Stage 2 in the Demographic Transition Model?
• Which term describes the minimum market needed to support a service?
• How does a state differ from a nation, and why can a state contain multiple nations?
• The Fertile Crescent is historically associated with which agricultural hearth?
• The significance of temples, religious statuary, and iconography on the landscape is best described as which concept?
• The Von Thünen model explains land use around a market based on what cost?
• A state that completely surrounds another state is called what?
• What is a common impact of urbanization across countries regardless of development level?
• Which diffusion process involves knowledge or innovations spreading from city to city through the urban hierarchy?
• Cultural differences within a country's population have political impacts and are best described as what type of forces within a state?
• How does urban sprawl relate to transportation infrastructure and land values?
• Which statement best explains why Hinduism remains concentrated in South Asia while Buddhism has diffused to other parts of Asia?
• Which statement about language families and diffusion is true?
• What term describes the degree to which an area is integrated into the global economy through trade and finance?
• Environmental determinism is best described as?
• What is the rate of deaths per 1,000 people per year called?
• Which agricultural inputs were the most recent technological innovations employed in less developed countries during the Green Revolution?
• Which factor most directly affects the range of a service?
• How would you best describe the diffusion of universalizing versus ethnic religions?
• Which statement best describes the consequence of a high threshold in a region with many small settlements?
• Which boundary type follows cultural or ethnic lines and often leads to separation within a country?
• Which is a geometric boundary?
• Define geographic scale and explain why selecting the right scale matters in analysis.
• What is a key limitation of a world map that shows coffee bean production by country?
• Which term best describes a region that is strategically located and experiences frequent conflict due to competing powers?
• Which statement best describes core countries in the global economy?
• Define devolution and describe its potential geographic consequences.
• Shifting cultivation is most closely associated with which type of agriculture?
• Which theory categorizes nations into core, semi-periphery, and periphery to explain global inequality?
• In migration, which option best represents a pull factor?
• Which policy would most effectively encourage women's workforce participation and potentially influence birth rates?
• What term describes the global network of cities that are major hubs of finance, culture, and trade?
• Which type of value-added product best describes a small family-run poultry operation that emphasizes animal welfare and direct-to-consumer sales?
• Rostow's model: which stage follows the take-off stage?
• What changes could local governments, businesses, and corporations make to reverse Japan's national birth patterns?
• Which component of the HDI education measure includes mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling?
• Which sector includes manufacturing and processing industries?
• Diffusion of innovations and who proposed it?
• Which demographic measure equals the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate, not including migration?
• In many cities, which feature characterizes the original central business district (CBD)?
• Which statement best describes the CBD's land values relative to the rest of the metropolitan area?
• Which boundary type is defined by straight lines following geometric boundaries often from colonial-era treaties?
• The demographic transition is a general model that explains
• What is globalization and how can it both homogenize and diversify cultures?
• Since 2000, the global pattern of international migration has largely led migrants to destinations that are:
• Which statement best describes the Human Development Index (HDI)?
• In central place theory, which term describes the minimum market needed to sustain the service?
• Define geospatial technology and name two major tools/applications.
• What is the primary method by which remote sensing collects data?
• Why would the area of the former Yugoslavia be considered a shatterbelt region?
• What are the three components of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
• What are the main forms or mechanisms by which cultural diffusion occurs?
• Before UNCLOS, Greece and Turkey claimed what territorial-sea distance?
• In the periphery to semiperiphery shift, which sector is reduced in importance?
• Which term describes the food preferences, architecture, and land-use practices found in a particular region?
• What is the term for the average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime?
• Which sector is associated with services, information, and research?
• Which factor explains why North Africa's demographic transition aligns more closely with global trends than sub-Saharan Africa?
• The Latin American city model features an elite residential sector along a spine radiating from the CBD. Which model is this?
• Which statement about the inner ring around a market in the von Thünen model is most accurate?
• Which statement describes the degree to which deindustrialization has affected Detroit compared with the rest of Michigan?
• Which statement would be true for a Turkish-owned oil tanker entering Greek territorial waters under UNCLOS?
• Which statement best captures the difference between environmental determinism and possibilism?
• Which statement describes Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model?
• Which of the following correctly pairs a concept with its definition?
• Since 2000, the largest category of international migrants seeking asylum are individuals fleeing what conditions?
• Which type of state has a long, narrow shape that can lead to communications and internal issues?
• If a bakery requires at least 500 people to be viable, that is an example of which Central Place Theory concept?
• Which option is NOT a pillar of sustainability?
• What boundary is physically marked on the ground with markers or fences?
• According to the von Thünen model, which economic factors determine the pattern of land use around a market?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between threshold and range?
• The Malthusian theory argues population growth could outpace what resource?
• Which statement best describes global fertility patterns and the concept of a demographic dividend?
• The first Agricultural Revolution, when humans domesticated plants and animals, is known as what?
• Which term describes major global hubs for finance and culture that exert influence worldwide?
• Which map projection preserves area but distorts shape?
• What term describes the number of people living in a given area?
• Which diffusion pattern describes spread from hierarchical centers to smaller places?
• Which statement best captures the explanation offered by the demographic transition model?
• Which statement about development indicators is commonly used to classify countries as more developed, industrializing, or less developed?
• Which statement about Bangkok's urban population is accurate?
• Which statement accurately distinguishes hierarchical diffusion from relocation diffusion?
• In the Latin American city model, the elite residential sector is typically located along a spine radiating from the CBD. Which option describes this feature?
• Under UNCLOS, expanding territorial seas to 12 nautical miles would have what implication for ships transiting the Dardanelles?
• What issue arises when income data are presented at different geographic scales?
• Where is coffee bean production typically concentrated at the global scale?
• If the coffee production map were reproduced at a subnational scale, which pattern change would you expect in other parts of the world?
• Which projection preserves shape but distorts area, especially near the poles?
• Sovereignty is defined as what concept in relation to a nation-state?
• What term describes universalizing religions that actively seek converts?
• Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by high birth rates and falling death rates?
• What does the Von Thünen model illustrate about agricultural land use?
• Which statement correctly explains a link between the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and population growth?